More than 4,000 years ago, the ancient Egyptians were remarkably advanced in fields like science and medicine—including dental care, which continues to fascinate modern historians and scientists.

Archaeological studies of mummies and ancient texts reveal that Egyptian healers not only understood oral diseases but also took active steps to treat them.

For instance, they used linen soaked in natural antiseptics such as fig juice or cedar oil to fill cavities and prevent infection.

Even more impressive, they developed an early form of toothpaste made from ingredients like rock salt, pepper, iris flower, and mint. Although quite abrasive, this mixture reflects their strong emphasis on dental hygiene and their sophisticated approach to health care for the time.